IMPETIGO

Impetigo, also known as "chepiya" in Hindi, is a contagious bacterial infection often seen in children. It occurs when bacteria enter the skin through compromised barriers, particularly during warm and humid seasons, making it easily transmissible to others. Ecthyma, another bacterial infection, affects deeper skin layers than impetigo and is also prevalent among children.

CAUSES

The bacterial pathogens responsible for this infection are "Staphylococcus aureus" and streptococcus. Skin breaches such as minor cuts, scratches, or disruptions in the skin barrier enable these bacteria to enter the skin. Overcrowded, warm, and humid environments create favorable conditions for this infection to thrive. The spread of infection often occurs through skin-to-skin contact or sharing of personal belongings. Ecthyma is primarily caused by streptococcus bacteria.

What are symptoms of impetigo?

Impetigo typically begins as a red bump on the skin, which then enlarges to form blisters that eventually rupture, forming a yellowish golden or brown crust. These lesions can appear individually or clustered closely together. They may cause itchiness or pain. Commonly affected areas include the face, arms, and legs. Fever is uncommon with this infection. In rare cases, symptoms of a severe infection such as swelling, pain, fever, or loss of appetite may occur.

What are symptoms of ecthyma?

Ecthyma is a deeper form of bacterial skin infection compared to impetigo (non-bullous type). It begins with a pus-filled vesicle that grows and forms a bloody crust. This is followed by a shallow ulcer with a purulent necrotic base, resulting in scarring upon healing. Streptococcus is the most common bacteria associated with ecthyma. It can occur as a primary infection or secondary to an existing wound that becomes superinfected. Systemic symptoms are uncommon in ecthyma.

How does dermatologist diagnose Impetigo ?

Diagnosis of ecthyma is typically based on clinical examination. In some cases, a pus culture and sensitivity test may be necessary for confirmation.

Treatment of Impetigo

Treatment for ecthyma typically involves cleansing the affected area regularly and using either topical or oral antibiotics. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the infection and the extent of skin involvement.

• Superficial lesions can often be managed with topical antibiotics along with thorough cleaning of the affected area.
• Deeper and larger lesions may require oral antibiotics. The course of oral antibiotics is usually prescribed for at least 7 days or longer, depending on the response to treatment and the healthcare provider's recommendations.

Treatment of Ecthyma

The treatment for Ecthyma typically includes:

• Topical and oral antibiotics to target the bacterial infection.
• Debridement of the ulcer if necessary to remove damaged tissue.
• Freshening the margins of the ulcer to promote healing.

Patients are always advised to complete the full course of prescribed topical or oral antibiotics for effective treatment.

TIPS

Here are some tips for managing the lesion or wound:

• Keep the affected area clean and hygienic.
• Apply topical medication to the entire lesion as directed.
• Avoid touching the lesion repeatedly and consider keeping it covered.
• Minimize contact with other individuals to prevent spreading the infection.
• Refrain from sharing personal belongings with others.
• If the lesions are near the nose, use disposable tissue paper for nose cleaning.