SEBORRHEIC KERATOSIS

What is seborrheic keratosis?

Seborrheic keratosis (SK) is a benign skin growth commonly seen in individuals aged 45-50 and older. It is non-contagious and generally harmless. However, its resemblance to skin cancer, warts, or precancerous lesions often raises concerns. If you notice an increase in the number or size of SKs, it is advisable to consult with your dermatologist.

What is cause of seborrheic keratosis?

• Cumulative exposure to ultraviolet radiation (even covered skin can be affected).
• Hereditary predisposition.
• Potential association with internal malignancy (Instances of SK with sudden onset, numerous lesions, and rapid progression should prompt consideration of internal malignancy).

How does seborrheic keratosis look?

It starts as skin colored to darker than skin colored small round to oval shaped rough surfaced bumps. It gradually increases in size and spread on skin with more warty surface. It gives stuck on skin appearance. It is asymptomatic except occasional itching. It can affect any body part except palm and soles. They more commonly develop on sun exposed sites like face, neck, outer aspect of forearm, hand and feet. They can present as single lesion to hundreds of lesions. If they are present in huge number with skin tags and acanthosisnigricans it is called the sign of Leser-Trelat that is associated with cancer of gastrointestinal tract and lulngs. So in case of numerous SK you should visit your dermatologist.

How do dermatologists diagnose seborrheic keratosis?

The diagnosis of seborrheic keratosis relies on a clinical examination of skin lesions. Occasionally, dermatologists may use a dermoscope to inspect for uncommon changes in lesions, such as cysts or comedones.

What are the treatments for seborrheic keratosis?

Seborrheic keratoses (SKs) are usually harmless, and very few small lesions may not require treatment. However, when they occur in large numbers or are sizable and visible on exposed areas, patients may seek treatment for cosmetic reasons. It's important to note that there are no creams or oral medications that can effectively resolve SK lesions.

Treatment options are

• Hydrogen Peroxide:A topical solution containing 40% hydrogen peroxide is currently undergoing trials for the treatment of seborrheic keratoses (SK). Careful application directly on the lesions is necessary to prevent side effects on normal skin. While the results of this treatment in early trials are modest, it can be considered as an option for individuals who prefer non-removal treatments for SK.
• Radiofrequency ablation:This treatment involves applying numbing creams to the lesions that the patient wishes to treat. Following this, a machine is used to scrape off the lesions from the skin. The procedure does not require stitches, and the wounds typically heal within 5-10 days, depending on the size of the lesion.
• Cryosurgery:This treatment involves cleaning the seborrheic keratosis (SK) using liquid nitrogen gas. The gas is applied to the lesion either through a spray gun or a cotton swab. Multiple sessions may be necessary, after which the lesion will eventually fall off.

TIPS

• Regularly observe for any changes in the skin, such as size or number of lesions.
• Avoid scratching or attempting to remove the lesions with your fingers, as this can cause bleeding.
• Use sunscreen regularly to help delay the onset and progression of seborrheic keratoses.
• If you notice any unusual changes, it's important to visit a dermatologist for evaluation.